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Passivhaus standard Vs Code for Sustainable Homes
The Passivhaus standard is comparable to the Code for Sustainable Homes, which was introduced in 2006 to replace the BREEAM EcoHomes.
Both of which are intended to reduce, minimise and conserve energy loss in the building, aiming to improve efficiency within the home, whilst reducing cost for the owner. These are particularly different, in that the Passivhaus standard’s core focus is to dramatically reduce the requirement for space heating and cooling through an airtight building envelope with high levels of insulation. Whereas the Code for Sustainable Homes primary aims are to reduce CO2 emissions from a building, taking into account the whole life cycle of a building. It also differs in that the Code for Sustainable Homes actively encourages the use of renewable energy technologies, whereas Passivhaus is primarily driven through innovative design and use of materials.
Both standards can be applied to Residential and Commercial properties, with little distinction between them. In measuring performance of properties against the Code, SAP ratings are used for residential with different SBEM calculations for commercial properties.
Passivhaus is a voluntary building standard, although this does not mean it is any easier or cheaper to achieve than the legislated Code for Sustainable Homes, as low U values of 0.15 W/m2.K are required, which requires significant skill and expertise with attention to detail in order to remove draughts and air loss in making the building airtight. The new Passivhaus refurbishment standard called “EnerPHit” has a greater tolerance, with a slightly higher U value, due to the increased complexities with retrofitting insulation and difficulties in modifying the existing orientation and design layout of existing buildings.
Passivhaus is a low energy standard and if correctly followed, would achieve an approximate Code level 4, which is roughly a 44% reduction in CO2 emissions. In order to achieve the higher Code levels 5 to 6 would require use of renewable energy technologies such as solar panels and wind turbines. Achieving Code level 6 requires greater innovation and attention to design, as a Carbon Zero home would necessitate a net energy gain, through use of renewable energy, combined with improved thermal performance of the building fabric.
Both the Code for Sustainable Homes and Passivhaus have their various strengths and weaknesses, as the Passivhaus stipulates much higher requirements of thermal insulation, whereas does not require use of renewable energy sources. The Code meanwhile, encourages renewable energy sources, although these may be wasted, if the building envelope is not adequately sealed enough. As such it is believed, both can benefit from one another, in taking a balanced approach to achieving our low carbon targets.
As such, designers and homeowners alike would be advised to look closely at the Passivhaus standard, as although they are not a compulsory requirement within the current cited Building Regulations, the passive measures adopted are key to achieving the prized Carbon Zero home.